Izikhwama zamaphepha ziyindlela yokuvikela imvelo futhi zingenye yezikhwama zepulasitiki.Ngaphezu kokuthi zikwazi ukuphinda zisetshenziswe, izikhwama zephepha nazo zingasetshenziswa kabusha, yingakho abantu abaningi beshintshela ezikhwameni zephepha.Alula futhi ukuwalahla futhi alungele imvelo ngokuphelele.Izikhwama zepulasitiki zithatha iminyaka ukubola, kuyilapho izikhwama zephepha ziwohloka kalula, zinciphisa inani lokungcola emhlabathini.

Minyaka yonke mhla ziyi-12 kuNtulikazi, sigubha uSuku Lomhlaba Lwesikhwama Sephepha ukuze sisabalalise ukuqwashisa ngezikhwama zamaphepha.Ngo-1852, ngosuku lapho abantu bekhuthazwa ukuba bathenge ngezikhwama zephepha futhi baqoqe izinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha njengamabhodlela epulasitiki namaphephandaba, uFrancis Wolle wasePennsylvania wakha umshini owenza izikhwama zephepha.Kusukela lapho, isikhwama sephepha sesiqale uhambo oluhle.Yavele yaduma njengoba abantu baqala ukuyisebenzisa kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, umnikelo wezikhwama zephepha kwezentengiselwano nokuhweba kancane kancane ngenxa yezimboni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinketho zokupakisha zepulasitiki, ezinikeza ukuqina okukhulu, amandla, namandla okuvikela imikhiqizo, ikakhulukazi ukudla, endaweni yangaphandle- - Khulisa impilo yeshalofu. yomkhiqizo.Eqinisweni, ipulasitiki ibiphethe imboni yokupakisha emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kweyisi-6 edlule.Ngalesi sikhathi, umhlaba ubone umthelela omubi wemfucumfucu yamapulasitiki engaboli emvelweni womhlaba.Amabhodlela epulasitiki nezinto ezipakishwayo zokudla ziminyene olwandle, izinongo zezilwane zasolwandle nezasemhlabeni seziqala ukufa ngenxa yediphozithi yepulasitiki ezimisweni zabo zokugaya ukudla, kanti amadiphozithi epulasitiki enhlabathini abangela ukuvunda komhlabathi kwehle.

Kwasithatha isikhathi eside ukubona iphutha lokusebenzisa ipulasitiki.Emaphethelweni okuminyanisa iplanethi ngokungcola, sibuyela ephepheni ukuze sithole usizo.Abaningi bethu basangabaza ukusebenzisa izikhwama zamaphepha, kodwa uma sifuna ukusindisa iplanethi epulasitiki, kufanele siqaphele imiphumela eyingozi yepulasitiki futhi siyeke ukuyisebenzisa noma kuphi lapho kungenzeka khona.

“Asinalo ilungelo lokukhahlela amaphepha, kodwa sinelungelo lokulamukela futhi”.